我们提出了Patron，这是一种新方法，它使用基于及时的不确定性估计，用于在冷启动场景下进行预训练的语言模型进行微调的数据选择，即，没有初始标记的数据可用。在顾客中，我们设计（1）一种基于迅速的不确定性传播方法来估计数据点的重要性和（2）分区 - 然后 - 剥离（PTR）策略，以促进对注释的样品多样性。六个文本分类数据集的实验表明，赞助人的表现优于最强的冷启动数据选择基准，高达6.9％。此外，仅具有128个标签，顾客分别基于香草微调和及时的学习，获得了91.0％和92.1％的全面监督性能。我们的赞助人实施可在\ url {https://github.com/yueyu1030/patron}上获得。

在电子商务平台上，预测是否彼此兼容两种产品是获得值得信赖的产品推荐和搜索经验的重要功能。但是，由于异质产品数据以及缺乏手动策划的培训数据，难以准确预测产品兼容性。我们研究发现有效的标签规则的问题，这些规则可以实现弱监督的产品兼容性预测。我们开发了Amrule，这是一个多视图规则发现框架，可以（1）自适应地发现新颖的统治者，可以补充当前的弱监督模型以改善兼容性预测； （2）从结构化属性表和非结构化产品描述中发现可解释的规则。 Amrule通过提升风格的策略从大错误实例中自适应地发现标签规则，高质量的规则可以纠正当前模型的弱点并迭代地完善模型。为了从结构化产品属性发现规则，我们从决策树中生成可合and的高阶规则；对于从非结构化产品描述中发现规则，我们从预先训练的语言模型中生成基于及时的规则。 4个现实世界数据集的实验表明，AMRULE平均比基准的表现高出5.98％，并提高了规则质量和规则建议效率。

尽管在许多自然语言处理（NLP）任务中进行了预先训练的语言模型（LMS），但它们需要过多标记的数据来进行微调以实现令人满意的性能。为了提高标签效率，研究人员采取了活跃的学习（AL），而大多数事先工作则忽略未标记数据的潜力。要释放未标记数据的强大功能以获得更好的标签效率和模型性能，我们开发ATM，一个新的框架，它利用自我训练来利用未标记的数据，并且对于特定的AL算法不可知，用作改善现有的插件模块Al方法。具体地，具有高不确定性的未标记数据暴露于Oracle以进行注释，而具有低不确定性的人则可用于自培训。为了缓解自我训练中的标签噪声传播问题，我们设计一个简单且有效的基于动量的内存库，可以动态地从所有轮次汇总模型预测。通过广泛的实验，我们证明了ATM优于最强大的积极学习和自我训练基线，平均将标签效率提高51.9％。

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has increasing importance in building robust high-performance and generalizable materials property prediction models. It can also be used in active learning to train better models by focusing on getting new training data from uncertain regions. There are several categories of UQ methods each considering different types of uncertainty sources. Here we conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the UQ methods for graph neural network based materials property prediction and evaluate how they truly reflect the uncertainty that we want in error bound estimation or active learning. Our experimental results over four crystal materials datasets (including formation energy, adsorption energy, total energy, and band gap properties) show that the popular ensemble methods for uncertainty estimation is NOT the best choice for UQ in materials property prediction. For the convenience of the community, all the source code and data sets can be accessed freely at \url{https://github.com/usccolumbia/materialsUQ}.

大型未标记语料库上的预训练的变压器语言模型已产生了最新的最先进的结果，从而导致了自然语言处理，有机分子设计和蛋白质序列的产生。但是，尚未应用这种模型来学习无机材料的组成模式。在这里，我们使用在ICSD，OQMD中存放的材料和材料项目数据库中扩展的公式培训了七种现代变压器模型（GPT，GPT-2，GPT-2，GPT-NEO，GPT-NEO，GPT-J，BLMM，BART和ROBERTA） 。六个不同的数据集，具有/输出非电荷 - 中性或平衡的电负性样品用于对性能进行基准测试，并发现现代变压器模型的产生偏见，以生成材料组成的生成设计。我们的广泛实验表明，基于因果语言模型的材料变形金刚可以产生高达97.54 \％的化学有效材料组合物，即充电中性，而91.40 \％的电负性平衡，与基线相比，它的富集高6倍以上伪随机抽样算法。这些模型还表现出了很高的新颖性，并且它们在新材料发现中的潜力已经证明了它们的能力恢复了留出的材料。我们还发现，可以通过使用精选的训练集（例如高带盖材料）训练模型来量身定制生成的样品的性能。我们的实验还表明，不同模型在生成样品的属性方面都有自己的喜好，并且其运行时间复杂性差异很大。我们已经应用了材料变压器模型来发现一套使用DFT计算验证的新材料。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.